Sebaceous Gland Cyst

Sebaceous gland cysts, also known as sebaceous cysts or epidermal inclusion cysts, are common skin conditions that can affect anyone at any age. The small bumps under the skin are usually harmless but can be uncomfortable or aesthetically pleasing. At Perfect Skin Solutions, we diagnose and treat sebaceous cysts to help you have healthy skin.

What are Sebaceous Gland Cysts?

Sebaceous gland cysts are fluid filled bumps under the skin. They form when the sebaceous glands, which produce an oily substance called sebum, get blocked or damaged. These cysts are often mistaken with epidermoid cysts which are similar but come from the epidermis rather than the sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous cysts can occur anywhere on the body but mostly on the face, neck and upper back. They grow slow and can range from a few mm to several cm in diameter. Sebaceous cysts grow slow, are non cancerous and while usually harmless can become uncomfortable over time and may require medical intervention for cosmetic reasons or if painful.

Types of Skin Cysts

There are several types of skin cysts, each with its own characteristics and common locations on the body:

1. Epidermoid cysts: Also known as sebaceous cysts, these are the most common type of skin cyst. They occur on the face, neck and trunk and are filled with a thick yellowish substance. Despite the name they come from the epidermis rather than the sebaceous glands.
2. Pilar cysts: Similar to epidermoid cysts, pilar cysts are found on the scalp. They are filled with a thick cheesy substance and are often hereditary, running in families.
3. Sebaceous cysts: These cysts are filled with a thick oily substance called sebum and are found on the face, neck and torso. They form when the sebaceous glands get blocked or damaged.
4. Dermoid cysts: These cysts contain a mix of tissues, hair, skin and sometimes teeth. They are found on the face, neck and torso and present from birth.
5. Milium cysts: Small white bumps usually found on the face, milium cysts are filled with a thick cheesy substance. They are often seen in newborns but can occur at any age.

Knowing the different types of skin cysts can help you identify and seek treatment for these common skin conditions.

Causes and Risk Factors of Sebaceous Cysts

What can cause sebaceous gland cysts:

• Blocked or damaged hair follicles
• Trauma to the skin, such as a scratch or surgical wound
• Chronic sun damage
• Genetic conditions like basal cell nevus syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis
• Use of certain medications, such as BRAF inhibitors

Symptoms and Characteristics

Most sebaceous cysts are asymptomatic and small. However, some may have:

• A round, smooth lump under the skin
• A small, dark “plug” visible on the skin’s surface
• Slow growth over time
• Occasional pain or tenderness, especially if infected
• Foul odor if the cyst ruptures
• The contents of the cyst may be a thick yellowish substance which can have a foul odor if the cyst ruptures

In rare cases sebaceous cysts can become infected, becoming red, swollen and painful.

Complications

While most skin cysts are benign and harmless, there are complications that can arise, so it’s best to monitor them:

1. Infection: Skin cysts can become infected, becoming red, swollen and painful. An infected sebaceous cyst may require medical intervention to prevent further complications.
2. Abscess formation: If a skin cyst becomes infected, it can form an abscess, a painful pocket of pus. This often requires drainage and antibiotics to resolve.
3. Scarring: Surgical removal of a skin cyst can result in scarring. The extent of scarring depends on the size of the cyst and the surgical technique used.
4. Disfigurement: Large skin cysts, especially on the face or neck, can cause disfigurement. This can be a big cosmetic concern for many.
5. Malignancy: Although rare, some skin cysts can become malignant, meaning they can turn into cancer. Monitoring and medical evaluation of any changes in the cyst is crucial.Now you know why it’s important to seek medical advice if you notice any changes in your skin cyst.

When to See a Doctor for an Infected Sebaceous Cyst

While many sebaceous cysts don’t need medical treatment, you should see a doctor if:

• The cyst is growing or becoming painful
• You see signs of infection, redness or warmth
• The cyst is affecting your daily activities
• You’re concerned about the appearance of the cyst

See a Specialist

If you have a skin cyst that’s worrying you, seeing a specialist, like a dermatologist, is a good idea. A dermatologist can:

1. Diagnose the cyst: A dermatologist can examine the cyst and determine its type, whether it’s an epidermoid cyst, pilar cyst or another type. They can also assess if the cyst is benign or malignant.
2. Recommend treatment: Based on the diagnosis a dermatologist can recommend the best course of treatment. This may include options like surgery, drainage or other interventions to manage the cyst effectively.
3. Give self-care advice: A dermatologist can advise on how to care for the cyst at home, including tips to prevent infection and manage symptoms.
4. Monitor for changes: Regular check-ups with a dermatologist can help monitor the cyst for any changes in size, shape or appearance which could indicate a problem.

You should see a specialist if you notice:

• The cyst is growing or changing in size or shape
• The cyst is painful or tender
• The cyst is bleeding or discharging
• The cyst is red or inflamed
• You have a history of skin cancer or are at high risk of skin cancer

By seeing a dermatologist you can ensure your skin cyst is managed properly and any complications are addressed promptly.

Treatment Options Including Surgery

At Perfect Skin Solutions we offer several treatment options for sebaceous gland cysts:

1. Observation: If the cyst is small and asymptomatic we may recommend monitoring it for changes.
2. Incision and drainage: For infected cysts we may make a small incision to drain the contents and relieve pressure. In cases of a ruptured epidermal inclusion cyst surgical intervention may be needed to address complications.
3. Intralesional corticosteroid injection: Reduces inflammation and shrinks the cyst.
4. Surgical excision: The most effective way to prevent recurrence. It’s crucial to remove the entire cyst wall to prevent recurrence as any fragments left behind can cause future problems. We offer several techniques:

• Conventional wide excision: Removes the entire cyst but may leave a longer scar
• Minimal excision: Less scarring but higher risk of recurrence. Ensuring the cyst wall is intact during removal is key to optimal results.
• Punch biopsy excision: Uses a small circular blade to remove the cyst

Most procedures are performed under local anesthetic to ensure your comfort.

Aftercare

After the procedure we’ll provide you with detailed aftercare instructions to prevent infection and promote healing. This may include:

• Keeping the area clean and dry
• Applying antibiotic ointment as directed
• Avoiding strenuous activities for a short period
• Returning for follow-up appointments as scheduled

Prevention

While you can’t always prevent sebaceous gland cysts, you can reduce your risk by:

• Practicing good skin hygiene
• Protecting your skin from sun damage
• Avoiding picking or squeezing existing cysts

At Perfect Skin Solutions our dermatologists are dedicated to providing you with the best treatment options for sebaceous gland cysts and other skin conditions. We use the latest techniques to minimise scarring and maximise results. If you’re concerned about a sebaceous cyst or any other skin issue get in touch with us today.